Abstract
The work provides a comprehensive overview of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), detailing the fundamental principles governing the electrochemical processes occurring at the interface between electrodes and electrolytes. It discusses the heterogeneous nature of these reactions, emphasizing the importance of electron and ion transport, the roles of mass transfer, surface reactions, and the structure of the electric double layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The article also explains the thermodynamic principles underlying electrochemical reactions, including equilibrium states characterized by chemical potential uniformity across phases, and the Gibbs adsorption isotherm relating surface charge to interfacial tension. The kinetics of HER is analyzed using the Butler-Volmer model, which incorporates the effects of electric potential on reaction rates, illustrating the influence of electrode potential on activation energies and current densities.
The article to be published